During the Pope's speech at the University of Regensburg in Germany on September 12th, 2006, he said that the following Quranic verse was made known by God at the time when Muslims were weak in Mecca, and then it was copied when the Muslims got strong in Medina:
There is no compulsion in religion. The right direction is henceforth distinct from error. And he who rejecteth false deities and believeth in Allah hath grasped a firm handhold which will never break. Allah is Hearer, Knower. (256) The Cow 2:256
A man chosen as the Pope must be very well knowledgeable of other religions - read the Holy Books, their tafsirs and history books. What the Pope did not know is that this verse was made known by God in Medina; not in Mecca. According to Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi:
(There is no compulsion in religion…) [2:256]. Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ja‘far al-Muzakki informed us> Zahir ibn Ahmad> al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Mus‘ab> Yahya ibn Hakim> Ibn Abi ‘Adiyy> Shu‘bah> Abu Bishr> Sa‘id ibn Jubayr> Ibn ‘Abbas who said: “The women of the Helpers whose boys always died in infancy used to vow to bring up their boys as Jews if they were to live. When the Banu’l-Nadir were driven out, they had among them children of the Helpers. The Helpers said: ‘We will not leave our children!’ Upon which Allah, exalted is He, revealed (There is no compulsion in religion. The right direction is henceforth distinct from error …)”. Muhammad ibn Musa ibn al-Fadl informed us> Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub > Ibrahim ibn Marzuq> Wahb ibn Jarir> Shu‘bah> Abu Bishr> Sa‘id ibn Jubayr> Ibn ‘Abbas who said regarding the saying of Allah, exalted is He, (There is no compulsion in religion…): “The woman of the Helpers whose boys never survived used to vow that if a boy of hers survived, she would raise him as a Jew. When the Banu’l-Nadir were driven out of Medina they had among them children of the Helpers. The Helpers said: ‘O Messenger of Allah! Our Children!’ Allah, exalted is He, exalted is He, therefore revealed (There is no compulsion in religion…)”. Sa‘id ibn Jubayr said: “Those who wished to leave with the Jews did leave, and those who wished to embrace Islam embraced Islam”. Said Mujahid: “This verse was revealed about a man of the Helpers who had a black boy called Subayh whom he used to coerce to become Muslim”. Al-Suddi said: “This verse was revealed about a man from the Helpers called Abu’l-Husayn. This man had two sons. It happened that some traders from Syria came to Medina to sell oil. When the traders were about to leave Medina, the two sons of Abu’l-Husayn called them to embrace Christianity. These traders converted to Christianity and then left Medina. Abu’l-Husayn informed the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, of what had happened. He asked him to summon his two sons. But then Allah, exalted is He, revealed (There is no compulsion in religion…). The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: ‘May Allah banish both of them. They are the first to disbelieve’.
As I mentioned in a previous post, there is not a single verse in the Holy Quran that calls the Muslims to fight without a reason. Fighting is only allowed if the Muslims were attacked, and this is a type of jihad in the way of God to keep His words true. God says:
Fight in the way of Allah against those who fight against you, but begin not hostilities. Lo! Allah loveth not aggressors. (190) The Cow 2:190
Check this post, Who is Prophet Muhammad?, to know more about the first years of emerging Islam.
And you can always read about Islam from Muslim scholars. Do not hesitate to ask them when you do not know about some issues in Islam.
In the end...
Have not you asked yourselves how Islam spreaded to Iran, Pakistan, India, Pangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and countries in Africa?! It was sure not by the sword!